How To Grow Butternut Squash in Canada | Complete Guide

Download | How to Grow Butternut Squash in Canada | Complete Guide (PDF)

Butternut squash is a delicious and productive winter squash that deserves a place in Canadian vegetable gardens. Known for its smooth tan skin, distinctive pear-shaped fruit, and sweet orange flesh, butternut squash is a versatile vegetable that can be roasted, baked, puréed into soups, or stored for winter meals.

Although butternut squash requires warm temperatures and a relatively long growing season, it can be grown successfully throughout many parts of Canada with proper planning. Choosing an early-maturing variety, starting seeds indoors when necessary, and providing adequate sunlight, moisture, and growing space can help gardeners achieve a successful harvest before autumn frost.

Unlike zucchini and other summer squash, butternut squash is allowed to mature fully on the vine. Its skin hardens as the fruit ripens, allowing properly cured squash to remain in storage for several months.

This complete guide explains how to grow butternut squash from seed in Canada, including choosing varieties, indoor seed starting, direct sowing, transplanting, spacing, watering, fertilizing, pollination, fruit development, pest management, harvesting, curing, and winter storage.

Butternut Squash Growing Guide at a Glance

Feature	Growing Requirement / Detail
Botanical Name	Cucurbita moschata
Plant Type	Warm-season annual vegetable; winter squash
Sun Exposure	Full sun; at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily
Soil	Fertile, well-drained soil rich in organic matter; pH approximately 6.0–7.0
Start Indoors	Approximately 3–4 weeks before the intended outdoor transplanting date
Direct Sow	After the last spring frost, when soil temperatures reach approximately 18°C (65°F) or warmer
Sowing Depth	Approximately 2–2.5 cm (¾–1 inch)
Germination Time	Approximately 5–10 days under favourable warm conditions
Plant Spacing	Approximately 90–150 cm (3–5 feet), depending on variety and growing method
Row Spacing	Approximately 150–240 cm (5–8 feet) for vigorous vining varieties
Water Needs	Consistent, deep watering, especially during flowering and fruit development
Difficulty Level	Easy to moderate; requires warmth, space, and sufficient time to mature
Container Friendly	Possible with compact varieties, very large containers, and adequate support

Choosing the Best Butternut Squash Varieties for Canadian Gardens

Butternut squash varieties differ in maturity time, vine length, fruit size, yield, and storage potential. In Canada, selecting a variety that can mature before the first autumn frost is especially important.

Waltham Butternut

Waltham Butternut is a traditional, widely grown variety known for its elongated, pear-shaped fruit, smooth tan skin, and sweet orange flesh.

The plants produce vigorous vines and generally require approximately 100–110 days to mature, depending on growing conditions and how maturity is calculated.

Waltham Butternut is an excellent choice for gardeners with adequate space and a sufficiently long growing season.

Early Butternut Varieties

Early-maturing butternut varieties are useful for Canadian gardeners with shorter frost-free seasons.

Some selections produce smaller fruit or develop on more compact plants, allowing them to reach maturity sooner than traditional long-season varieties.

Compact Butternut Varieties

Compact or semi-bush butternut squash varieties can be suitable for raised beds and smaller gardens.

Although these plants may require less space, they still need full sun, fertile soil, consistent moisture, and sufficient time for their fruit to mature.

Caribou Growing Note: Choose the Right Maturity Period

Butternut squash needs enough warm growing days to develop mature fruit before autumn frost. In regions with shorter summers, choose an early-maturing variety or start seeds indoors approximately 3–4 weeks before transplanting. Avoid starting too early because squash seedlings can become rootbound and difficult to transplant.

When to Plant Butternut Squash in Canada

Butternut squash is a warm-season crop that is highly sensitive to frost and cold soil.

Seeds germinate best in warm conditions, and young plants can be damaged by even a light frost.

Starting Seeds Indoors

In Southern Ontario, this often means starting seeds in late April or May for transplanting after the risk of frost has passed and the soil has warmed.

In colder regions, adjust seed-starting dates according to local frost dates and expected soil temperatures.

Direct Sowing Outdoors

In many Southern Ontario gardens, outdoor sowing takes place from late May into early June, depending on weather conditions.

Direct sowing is often successful in regions with long, warm summers, but gardeners in shorter-season areas may benefit from starting seeds indoors.

Planning for Autumn Harvests

Most butternut squash varieties require approximately 90–110 days or longer to mature, depending on the variety and growing conditions.

Count backward from your region's expected first autumn frost and select a variety that can reach maturity within the available growing season.

Cool temperatures and shortening daylight in late summer can slow fruit development, so allow a reasonable margin beyond the stated maturity period.

How to Start Butternut Squash Seeds Indoors

Use individual pots rather than crowded seed trays to reduce transplant stress.

1. Prepare Containers: Fill individual pots approximately 8–10 cm (3–4 inches) wide with clean, moist seed-starting mix.
2. Sow Seeds: Plant seeds approximately 2–2.5 cm (¾–1 inch) deep.
3. Maintain Warmth: Keep the growing medium around 24–30°C (75–86°F) during germination.
4. Maintain Moisture: Keep the growing medium evenly moist without waterlogging.
5. Provide Light: Once seedlings emerge, provide approximately 14–16 hours of light daily.
6. Thin Seedlings: Keep one healthy seedling per container.
7. Avoid Root Disturbance: Handle seedlings carefully and avoid unnecessary repotting.
8. Harden Off: Gradually acclimate seedlings to outdoor conditions before transplanting.

When using suitable grow lights, position them approximately 5–10 cm (2–4 inches) above young seedlings, adjusting as they grow and following the manufacturer's recommendations.

Transplant seedlings while they are young and actively growing, ideally before roots become crowded inside their containers.

Read More | How to Start Seeds Indoors in Canada: The Ultimate Timing Guide

Butternut Squash Germination Timeline & Troubleshooting

Butternut squash seeds typically germinate within approximately 5–10 days when planted in warm, evenly moist growing media.

Germination may take longer when soil temperatures are low.

Common Germination Problems

• Cold Soil: Low temperatures can delay germination or cause seeds to decay.
• Excessive Moisture: Waterlogged conditions can encourage seed rot.
• Dry Growing Medium: Seeds require consistent moisture during germination.
• Planting Too Deeply: Excessive sowing depth can prevent seedlings from emerging.
• Old Seeds: Poorly stored or ageing seeds may have reduced viability.

For reliable germination, maintain warm conditions and avoid overwatering.

Hardening Off Butternut Squash Seedlings

Before transplanting butternut squash seedlings outdoors, gradually acclimate them to direct sunlight, wind, and changing temperatures.

Hardening off generally takes approximately 7–10 days.

1. Place seedlings outdoors in a sheltered, shaded location for a short period.
2. Gradually increase outdoor exposure each day.
3. Introduce direct sunlight slowly to prevent leaf scorch.
4. Protect seedlings from strong winds and cold temperatures.
5. Bring plants indoors if frost or unusually cold weather is expected.
6. Transplant once seedlings are sturdy and outdoor conditions are suitable.

Butternut squash is particularly sensitive to cold temperatures, so avoid exposing seedlings to frost during the hardening-off process.

How to Transplant Butternut Squash Outdoors

Butternut squash seedlings should be transplanted after the danger of frost has passed and the soil is consistently warm.

Because squash roots are sensitive to disturbance, handle seedlings gently and avoid breaking apart the root ball.

1. Choose a Sunny Location: Select an area receiving at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily.
2. Prepare the Soil: Incorporate finished compost and correct nutrient deficiencies where needed.
3. Space Plants: Allow adequate room for mature vines.
4. Dig Planting Holes: Make holes large enough to accommodate the root balls without crowding.
5. Transplant Carefully: Remove seedlings from their pots without disturbing the roots unnecessarily.
6. Plant at the Same Depth: Set seedlings at approximately their previous growing depth.
7. Water Thoroughly: Water immediately after transplanting.
8. Protect Young Plants: Use temporary covers if unusually cool weather is expected, removing them when temperatures become favourable.

Avoid transplanting into cold, wet soil because this can slow growth and increase the risk of root problems.

Choosing the Best Location & Spacing

Butternut squash plants produce vigorous vines that can spread several metres across the garden.

Providing adequate space is important for healthy growth, good airflow, and fruit development.

Ideal Growing Conditions

• Sunlight: Full sun, at least 6–8 hours daily.
• Soil: Fertile, well-drained soil rich in organic matter.
• Soil pH: Approximately 6.0–7.0.
• Plant Spacing: Approximately 90–150 cm (3–5 feet), depending on variety.
• Row Spacing: Approximately 150–240 cm (5–8 feet) for vigorous vining varieties.
• Air Circulation: Provide sufficient space to reduce overcrowding.
• Drainage: Avoid locations where water collects after heavy rainfall.

Butternut squash can be grown in traditional garden rows, raised beds, mounds, or along the edges of vegetable gardens where vines have room to spread.

Compact varieties may be more suitable for smaller spaces.

Watering Butternut Squash for Healthy Growth

Butternut squash requires consistent moisture throughout the growing season, particularly during flowering and fruit development.

Irregular watering can slow plant growth and reduce fruit size or quality.

Watering Guidelines

• After Transplanting: Water thoroughly to encourage root establishment.
• During Vine Growth: Maintain evenly moist soil.
• During Flowering: Avoid prolonged drought stress.
• During Fruit Development: Provide consistent, deep watering.
• As Fruit Matures: Avoid excessive irrigation, particularly when rainfall is sufficient.
• Avoid Waterlogging: Ensure soil drains freely.

As a general starting point, butternut squash may require approximately 2.5–4 cm (1–1½ inches) of water per week from rainfall and irrigation combined, depending on weather, soil conditions, and plant size.

Water at soil level when possible to reduce unnecessary leaf wetness.

Organic mulch can help conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and prevent developing fruit from resting directly on wet soil.

Fertilizing Butternut Squash for Strong Vines & Healthy Fruit

Butternut squash is a relatively heavy-feeding vegetable that benefits from fertile soil and balanced nutrition.

Adequate nutrients support vigorous vine growth, healthy flowers, and developing fruit.

Before Planting

Incorporate finished compost into the planting area and correct nutrient deficiencies according to soil test recommendations.

During Early Growth

Young plants require sufficient nitrogen to support healthy leaf and vine development.

However, excessive nitrogen can encourage abundant foliage at the expense of flowering and fruit production.

During Flowering & Fruit Development

Maintain balanced nutrition as plants begin flowering and setting fruit.

Potassium and other essential nutrients support normal plant development and fruit quality.

Additional fertilizer may be beneficial in nutrient-poor soils, but applications should be guided by soil fertility and plant condition.

Caribou Growing Note: Avoid Excessive Nitrogen

Butternut squash needs healthy vines to support developing fruit, but excessive nitrogen can encourage leafy growth with fewer flowers and squash. Prepare the soil with finished compost and maintain balanced nutrition rather than applying large amounts of high-nitrogen fertilizer throughout the season.

Understanding Butternut Squash Flowers & Pollination

Successful pollination is necessary for female flowers to develop into mature squash.

Male Flowers

Male flowers develop on slender stems and produce pollen.

They often appear before female flowers, particularly during the early stages of vine growth.

Female Flowers

Female flowers have a small, immature squash directly behind the flower.

When pollination is successful, this immature fruit begins to enlarge and develop.

How Butternut Squash Is Pollinated

Bees and other pollinating insects transfer pollen from male flowers to female flowers.

Squash flowers typically open in the morning, making this an important period for pollinator activity.

Encouraging pollinators and avoiding unnecessary pesticide applications during flowering can help improve fruit set.

How to Hand-Pollinate Butternut Squash

Hand-pollination can be useful when pollinator activity is limited or when female flowers repeatedly fail to develop fruit.

Step-by-Step Hand-Pollination

1. Identify a freshly opened male flower.
2. Identify a freshly opened female flower with a small immature squash behind it.
3. Carefully remove the male flower.
4. Remove its petals to expose the pollen-covered anther.
5. Gently transfer pollen onto the stigma inside the female flower.
6. Repeat with additional pollen if necessary.
7. Monitor the immature fruit over the following days.

Successful pollination is usually followed by continued fruit enlargement.

If pollination is unsuccessful, the small immature squash may stop growing, turn yellow, and eventually decay.

Why Are My Butternut Squash Flowers Falling Off?

It is normal for male squash flowers to open briefly and then fall from the plant.

However, female flowers may also drop or fail to develop fruit when pollination is unsuccessful or growing conditions are unfavourable.

Possible Causes

• Normal Male Flower Drop: Male flowers naturally fall after flowering.
• Poor Pollination: Female flowers may fail to develop fruit without adequate pollen transfer.
• High Temperatures: Extreme heat can interfere with flower development and pollination.
• Water Stress: Inconsistent moisture can affect flowering and fruit set.
• Nutrient Imbalance: Excess nitrogen or nutrient deficiencies may reduce fruit production.
• Immature Plants: Young vines may produce male flowers before female flowers appear.

Maintain consistent moisture, encourage pollinators, and allow young plants sufficient time to develop.

How Butternut Squash Fruit Develops

After successful pollination, the small immature squash behind the female flower begins to enlarge.

As the fruit develops, it gradually takes on its characteristic elongated, pear-shaped appearance.

Immature butternut squash often has greenish skin that changes to a uniform tan colour as it matures.

The rind gradually hardens, and the flesh develops its rich orange colour and sweet flavour.

Fruit development requires adequate warmth, sunlight, moisture, and nutrients.

Because butternut squash is harvested when mature, gardeners should avoid removing fruit too early unless frost or disease makes harvesting necessary.

Should You Prune Butternut Squash Vines?

Pruning butternut squash vines is generally optional.

Healthy vines produce leaves that support photosynthesis and provide energy for developing fruit.

Excessive pruning can reduce the plant's ability to mature its squash.

When Pruning May Be Helpful

• Removing damaged or diseased leaves.
• Managing vines that extend into pathways.
• Improving airflow in excessively crowded plantings.
• Redirecting vines away from neighbouring crops.

Late in the growing season, some gardeners remove new growing tips or very immature fruit to encourage existing squash to mature before frost.

However, this technique is optional and should be used cautiously because healthy foliage is important for fruit development.

Growing Butternut Squash Vertically

Butternut squash can be grown vertically on a sturdy trellis, making it useful for gardeners with limited ground space.

However, vigorous vines and developing fruit can become heavy, so strong support is essential.

Tips for Vertical Growing

• Choose a sturdy trellis or support structure.
• Position the trellis in full sun.
• Train young vines gently as they grow.
• Use soft plant ties where necessary.
• Support larger developing squash with slings made from breathable material.
• Monitor the structure regularly for stability.

Compact varieties and smaller-fruited selections are generally easier to manage vertically than very vigorous, large-fruited types.

Growing Butternut Squash in Raised Beds & Containers

Butternut squash can be grown in raised beds and large containers when provided with adequate growing space, soil fertility, and moisture.

Growing Butternut Squash in Raised Beds

Raised beds can provide improved drainage and allow gardeners to create fertile growing conditions.

• Choose a sunny location.
• Use fertile, well-drained soil.
• Allow adequate space for vines to spread.
• Direct vines over the edge of the bed when appropriate.
• Maintain consistent moisture.
• Apply organic mulch to conserve soil moisture.

Growing Butternut Squash in Containers

Compact varieties are the most practical choice for container growing.

• Container Size: Choose a container holding approximately 75–115 litres (20–30 US gallons) or more for a vigorous plant.
• Drainage: Ensure adequate drainage holes.
• Potting Mix: Use a fertile, well-draining potting mix.
• Sunlight: Provide full sun.
• Watering: Monitor moisture regularly because containers can dry out quickly.
• Fertilizing: Provide balanced nutrition throughout active growth.
• Support: Train vines onto a sturdy trellis or allow sufficient space for spreading.

Container-grown squash generally requires more frequent watering and careful nutrient management than plants grown directly in garden soil.

Common Butternut Squash Problems, Pests & Diseases

1. Squash Bugs

Squash bugs feed on plant sap and can cause wilting, leaf damage, and reduced plant vigour.

Inspect leaves regularly for adults, nymphs, and clusters of eggs.

Hand removal and early monitoring can help manage small infestations.

2. Cucumber Beetles

Cucumber beetles may feed on squash foliage and flowers and can spread certain plant diseases.

Protect young plants with insect netting where necessary, removing or opening covers when flowering begins to allow pollination.

3. Squash Vine Borers

Squash vine borer larvae tunnel into squash stems, potentially causing sudden wilting and plant decline.

Butternut squash, a member of Cucurbita moschata, is generally less susceptible than some other squash species, although damage can still occur.

4. Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew causes white, powdery patches on squash leaves and may reduce photosynthesis when infections become severe.

Provide adequate spacing, maintain airflow, and remove heavily affected foliage when appropriate.

5. Bacterial Wilt

Bacterial wilt can cause sudden wilting and plant collapse in susceptible cucurbits.

It is associated with cucumber beetle feeding, although susceptibility varies among squash species.

6. Blossom-End Rot

Blossom-end rot can cause dark, sunken areas near the blossom end of developing squash.

It is associated with disrupted calcium movement within the fruit, often influenced by irregular moisture conditions.

Maintain consistent watering and avoid excessive fertilizer applications.

7. Poor Pollination

Female flowers may produce small squash that yellow, stop growing, and decay when pollination is insufficient.

Encourage pollinating insects and hand-pollinate when necessary.

8. Frost Damage

Butternut squash is highly sensitive to frost.

Freezing temperatures can damage leaves, vines, and fruit, so harvest mature squash before damaging autumn frost arrives.

When to Harvest Butternut Squash in Canada

In Southern Ontario, harvesting commonly takes place from September into October, depending on planting dates, variety, and weather conditions.

In colder regions, harvest may occur earlier to avoid damaging frost.

Signs Butternut Squash Is Ready to Harvest

• The skin has changed from greenish to a uniform tan colour.
• The rind is hard and resists gentle pressure from a fingernail.
• The fruit has reached its expected mature size.
• The stem is becoming dry, firm, or corky.
• The fruit has remained on the vine for the expected maturity period.

Skin colour and hardness are generally more reliable indicators of maturity than vine dieback alone.

How to Harvest Butternut Squash

1. Choose mature fruit with firm, hardened skin.
2. Use clean, sharp pruning shears or a knife.
3. Cut the stem approximately 5–8 cm (2–3 inches) above the squash.
4. Avoid pulling or twisting the fruit from the vine.
5. Handle squash carefully to prevent bruising or skin damage.
6. Move harvested fruit to a dry, protected location.

Leaving a short stem attached helps reduce damage and may improve storage quality.

Caribou Growing Note: Harvest Before Frost

Butternut squash should be allowed to mature fully on the vine whenever possible, but freezing temperatures can damage fruit and reduce storage life. Watch autumn forecasts carefully and harvest mature squash before damaging frost arrives. Handle fruit gently and leave a short stem attached.

How to Cure Butternut Squash After Harvest

Curing is an important step that helps improve the storage quality of mature butternut squash.

During curing, the rind continues to harden and minor surface injuries may heal, helping reduce moisture loss and decay during storage.

Step-by-Step Curing Instructions

1. Harvest mature squash before damaging frost.
2. Handle fruit carefully to avoid bruising or cutting the skin.
3. Place squash in a warm, dry, well-ventilated location.
4. Maintain temperatures around 27–29°C (80–85°F) when practical, with moderate relative humidity.
5. Allow approximately 10–14 days for curing.
6. Inspect fruit for damage or signs of decay.
7. Move cured squash into appropriate long-term storage conditions.

Not all varieties require exactly the same curing conditions, and fully mature butternut squash may already have a well-hardened rind at harvest.

Do not attempt to store fruit that is severely damaged, decaying, or affected by freezing temperatures.

How to Store Butternut Squash for Winter

Properly matured, cured, and stored squash can remain usable for several months.

Ideal Storage Conditions

• Temperature: Approximately 10–13°C (50–55°F).
• Humidity: Moderate relative humidity, generally around 50–70%.
• Ventilation: Good airflow around stored fruit.
• Light: A cool, dark or dimly lit storage area.
• Handling: Avoid stacking squash in ways that cause bruising.

Do not store whole butternut squash in excessively cold conditions because chilling injury can reduce storage quality.

Inspect stored squash regularly and remove any fruit showing signs of softening, mould, or decay.

Depending on variety, maturity, and storage conditions, butternut squash may remain in good condition for approximately 2–4 months or longer.

Can You Save Seeds from Butternut Squash?

Yes. Seeds can be collected from fully mature butternut squash, although several considerations are important.

Butternut squash belongs to the species Cucurbita moschata and can cross-pollinate with other compatible varieties of the same species.

Cross-pollination does not change the appearance or flavour of the fruit produced during the current season, but it can affect the characteristics of plants grown from saved seeds.

How to Save Butternut Squash Seeds

1. Choose a healthy, fully mature squash from a productive plant.
2. Cut open the fruit and remove the seeds.
3. Separate seeds from the surrounding pulp.
4. Rinse and clean the seeds thoroughly.
5. Spread seeds in a single layer in a dry, well-ventilated location.
6. Allow seeds to dry completely.
7. Store dried seeds in a cool, dry, dark location.

For reliable seed saving, use open-pollinated varieties and maintain appropriate isolation from other compatible squash varieties.

Seeds saved from hybrid varieties may not produce plants identical to the parent.

Frequently Asked Questions About Growing Butternut Squash

Can butternut squash grow successfully in Canada?
Yes. Butternut squash grows successfully in many Canadian regions when provided with warm temperatures, full sun, fertile soil, and sufficient time to mature.

When should I start butternut squash seeds indoors in Canada?
Start seeds approximately 3–4 weeks before the intended outdoor transplanting date.

When can I direct sow butternut squash outdoors?
Direct sow after the last spring frost when soil temperatures reach approximately 18°C (65°F) or warmer.

How deep should I plant butternut squash seeds?
Sow seeds approximately 2–2.5 cm (¾–1 inch) deep.

How long does butternut squash take to germinate?
Seeds typically germinate within approximately 5–10 days under favourable warm conditions.

Does butternut squash need full sun?
Yes. Butternut squash grows best with at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily.

How far apart should butternut squash plants be?
Space plants approximately 90–150 cm (3–5 feet) apart, depending on the variety and growing method.

How long does butternut squash take to mature?
Most varieties require approximately 90–110 days or longer, depending on variety and growing conditions.

Can butternut squash grow in raised beds?
Yes. Raised beds are suitable when plants have fertile soil and sufficient room for vines to spread.

Can butternut squash grow in containers?
Yes. Compact varieties can grow in very large containers with adequate drainage, moisture, and nutrients.

Can butternut squash grow vertically?
Yes. Butternut squash can be trained onto a sturdy trellis, although developing fruit may require additional support.

Why are my butternut squash flowers falling off?
Male flowers naturally fall after opening. Female flowers may fail to develop fruit because of poor pollination, temperature stress, or unfavourable growing conditions.

Why are my small butternut squash turning yellow and dying?
Insufficient pollination is a common cause, although water stress and other environmental problems can also contribute.

Do butternut squash plants need pollinators?
Yes. Bees and other insects normally transfer pollen between male and female flowers. Hand-pollination can be used when necessary.

Should I prune butternut squash vines?
Pruning is generally optional. Remove damaged foliage when needed, but avoid excessive pruning because healthy leaves support fruit development.

How do I know when butternut squash is ripe?
Mature butternut squash usually has uniform tan skin, a hard rind, and a firm, drying stem.

Can butternut squash survive frost?
No. Butternut squash is frost-sensitive, and freezing temperatures can damage vines and fruit.

Does butternut squash need curing?
Curing is generally recommended for mature butternut squash intended for longer-term storage because it helps harden the rind and improve storage quality.

How long can butternut squash be stored?
Properly matured and stored butternut squash can remain usable for approximately 2–4 months or longer, depending on variety and storage conditions.

Can I save seeds from butternut squash?
Yes. Seeds can be saved from mature, open-pollinated varieties, although cross-pollination with other compatible squash varieties may affect future plants.

Grow Butternut Squash from Seed Today

Butternut squash is a rewarding vegetable for Canadian gardeners who want to enjoy homegrown produce well beyond the summer growing season. Its sweet orange flesh, excellent culinary versatility, and long storage potential make it a valuable addition to the vegetable garden.

For the best results, choose a variety suited to your growing season, start seeds indoors when necessary, and transplant only after the soil has warmed and the risk of frost has passed. Provide full sun, fertile soil, adequate growing space, and consistent moisture throughout flowering and fruit development.

Allow squash to mature fully on the vine whenever possible, harvest before damaging autumn frost, and cure and store healthy fruit under appropriate conditions.

Explore Caribou Seed Company's butternut squash seeds and enjoy growing delicious, flavourful winter squash in your own Canadian garden.

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Download | How to Grow Butternut Squash in Canada | Complete Guide (PDF)

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